Immune correlates of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis
نویسندگان
چکیده
1 Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 2 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, 3 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, 4 Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom, 5 St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom, 6 Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, 7 Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, 8 Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 9 Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
منابع مشابه
The Phenotype of the Cryptococcus-Specific CD4+ Memory T-Cell Response Is Associated With Disease Severity and Outcome in HIV-Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis
BACKGROUND Correlates of immune protection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated cryptococcal meningitis are poorly defined. A clearer understanding of these immune responses is essential to inform rational development of immunotherapies. METHODS Cryptococcal-specific peripheral CD4(+) T-cell responses were measured in 44 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meni...
متن کاملThe CSF Immune Response in HIV-1–Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: Macrophage Activation, Correlates of Disease Severity, and Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy
BACKGROUND Immune modulation may improve outcome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. Animal studies suggest alternatively activated macrophages are detrimental but human studies are limited. We performed a detailed assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune response and examined immune correlates of disease severity and poor outcome, and the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART...
متن کاملIFN-gamma at the site of infection determines rate of clearance of infection in cryptococcal meningitis.
In animal models, immunity to cryptococcal infection, as in many chronic fungal and bacterial infections, is associated with a granulomatous inflammatory response, intact cell-mediated immunity, and a Th1 pattern of cytokine release. To examine the correlates of human immunity to cryptococcal infection in vivo, we analyzed immune parameters at the site of infection over time and assessed the ra...
متن کاملA Glucuronoxylomannan-Associated Immune Signature, Characterized by Monocyte Deactivation and an Increased Interleukin 10 Level, Is a Predictor of Death in Cryptococcal Meningitis
BACKGROUND Cryptococcal meningitis remains a significant cause of death among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV)-infected persons in Africa. We aimed to better understand the pathogenesis and identify immune correlates of mortality, particularly the role of monocyte activation. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted in Cape Town, South Africa. Patients with a first episode of...
متن کاملNew Insights into HIV/AIDS-Associated Cryptococcosis
Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients. According to the most recent taxonomy, the responsible fungus is classified into a complex that contains two species (Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii), with eight major molecular types. HIV infection is recognized worldwide as the main underlying disease responsib...
متن کاملCryptococcal Meningitis with Cerebral Herniation
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans var. grubii and C. neoformans var. neoformans) and C. gattii are responsible for most cases of cryptococcal meningitis worldwide [1]. The disease of cryptococcal meningitis has been well documented in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and it may also occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients even with apparently n...
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